61

The Production of pyramid of Vision.

All bodies together, and each by itself, give off to the surrounding air an infinite number of images which are all-pervading and each complete, each conveying the nature, colour and form of the body which produces it.

It can clearly be shown that all bodies are, by their images, all-pervading in the surrounding atmosphere, and each complete in itself as to substance form and colour; this is seen by the images of the various bodies which are reproduced in one single perforation through which they transmit the objects by lines which intersect and cause reversed pyramids, from the objects, so that they are upside down on the dark plane where they are first reflected. The reason of this is—

[Footnote: The diagram intended to illustrate the statement (Pl. II No. i) occurs in the original between lines 3 and 4. The three circles must be understood to represent three luminous bodies which transmit their images through perforations in a wall into a dark chamber, according to a law which is more fully explained in 75?81. So far as concerns the present passage the diagram is only intended to explain that the images of the three bodies may be made to coalesce at any given spot. In the circles are written, giallo—yellow, biàcho—white, rosso—red.

The text breaks off at line 8. The paragraph No.40 follows here in the original MS.]

Taken from The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci edited by Jean Paul Richter, 1880.

60 * 62
I * III
Notebooks of Leonoardo da Vinci
II: Linear Perspective.
. . .
41
The elements of perspective--Of the Point.
42,
43,
44,
45,
46
Of the line.
47,
48,
49
The nature of the outline.
50
Definition of Perspective.
51
Experimental proof of the existence of the pyramid of sight.
52,
53,
54
The relations of the distance points to the vanishing point.
55,
56
How to measure the pyramid of vision.
57
The Production of pyramid of Vision.
58,
59,
60,
61,
62,
63,
64
Proof by experiment.
65,
66
General conclusions.
67
That the contrary is impossible.
68
A parallel case.
69
The function of the eye as explained by the camera obscura.
70,
71
The practice of perspective.
72,
73
Refraction of the rays falling upon the eye.
74,
75
The inversion of the images.
76
The intersection of the rays.
77,
78,
79,
80,
81
. . .