18

The use of the book on Painting.

These rules are of use only in correcting the figures; since every man makes some mistakes in his first compositions and he who knows them not, cannot amend them. But you, knowing your errors, will correct your works and where you find mistakes amend them, and remember never to fall into them again. But if you try to apply these rules in composition you will never make an end, and will produce confusion in your works.

These rules will enable you to have a free and sound judgment; since good judgment is born of clear understanding, and a clear understanding comes of reasons derived from sound rules, and sound rules are the issue of sound experience—the common mother of all the sciences and arts. Hence, bearing in mind the precepts of my rules, you will be able, merely by your amended judgment, to criticise and recognise every thing that is out of proportion in a work, whether in the perspective or in the figures or any thing else.

Taken from The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci edited by Jean Paul Richter, 1880.

17 * 19
Notebooks of Leonoardo da Vinci
I: Prolegomena and General Introduction to the Book on Painting.
. . .
The author’s intention to publish his MSS.
1
The preparation of the MSS. for publication.
2
Admonition to readers.
3
The disorder in the MSS.
4
subjects..
5,
6,
7,
8
General introductions to the book on Painting.
9,
10,
11,
12,
13
The plan of the book on Painting.
14,
15,
16,
17
The use of the book on Painting.
18
Necessity of theoretical knowledge.
19,
20
The function of the eye.
21,
22,
23,
24
Variability of the eye.
25
Differences of perception by one eye and by both eyes.
26,
27,
28,
29
The comparative size of the image depends on the amount of light.
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38
. . .