443

of the spectator.

FROM WHENCE TO DEPICT A LANDSCAPE

Landscapes should be represented so that the trees may be half in light and half in shadow; but it is better to do them when the sun is covered with clouds, for then the trees are lighted by the general light of the sky, and the general darkness of the earth. And then they are darkest in certain parts in proportion as those parts are nearest to the middle of the tree and to the earth.

Taken from The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci edited by Jean Paul Richter, 1880.

Notebooks of Leonoardo da Vinci

VIII: Botany for Painters and Elements of Landscape Painting.

. . .

The proportions of light and shade in a leaf.

423,

424,

425,

Of the transparency of leaves.

427,

428,

The gradations of shade and colour in leaves.

430,

431,

432,

433,

A classification of trees according to their colours.

The proportions of light and shade in trees.

436,

437,

438,

439,

of the spectator.

441,

442,

The effects of morning light.

444,

445,

446,

447,

The effects of midday light.

The appearance of trees in the distance.

450,

The cast shadow of trees.

Light and shade on groups of trees.

453,

454,

455,

456,

On the treatment of light for landscapes.

458,

459,

460,

461,

462,

. . .